France shares its borders with eight countries in metropolitan Europe. These neighbors vary from large nations like Spain and Germany to tiny microstates such as Monaco and Andorra. Each border reflects unique geographic features, historical ties, and cultural exchanges that shape life on both sides.
Below is a detailed list of the countries that border France.
Flag This column shows each country’s national flag, helping you quickly identify the nation discussed.
Capital City Here you find the capital city of each neighboring country, providing a key reference point for its government and culture.
Border Length (km) This number indicates how many kilometers the border runs between France and each country, showing the scale of their shared boundary.
countries that border france
| Country Name | Flag | Capital City | Border Length (km) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | 🇪🇸 | Madrid | 656 |
| Belgium | 🇧🇪 | Brussels | 620 |
| Switzerland | 🇨🇭 | Bern | 573 |
| Italy | 🇮🇹 | Rome | 515 |
| Germany | 🇩🇪 | Berlin | 451 |
| Luxembourg | 🇱🇺 | Luxembourg City | 73 |
| Andorra | 🇦🇩 | Andorra la Vella | 57 |
| Monaco | 🇲🇨 | Monaco | 5.5 |
Descriptions
Spain
France’s longest land border is defined by the majestic Pyrenees mountains. The two nations share deep historical and cultural ties, with significant cross-border tourism. The border also uniquely contains the Spanish exclave of Llívia entirely within French territory.
Belgium
Sharing a northern border, France and Belgium have strong linguistic and cultural connections, especially in the French-speaking Wallonia region. The border is highly integrated and largely open, a legacy of shared history and close EU partnership.
Switzerland
This border winds through the Jura Mountains and the Alps, famously crossing Lake Geneva. The region is known for stunning scenery and close economic ties, with many French citizens commuting daily to work in Swiss cities like Geneva.
Italy
Separated by the Alps, the Franco-Italian border is known for its high mountain passes and tunnels, like the one at Mont Blanc. The two Latin countries share a rich Roman history, a passion for gastronomy, and vibrant cultural exchange.
Germany
The Franco-German border, which largely follows the Rhine River, symbolizes European reconciliation and cooperation. The border region of Alsace-Lorraine has historically shifted between the two, creating a unique blend of French and German cultures.
Luxembourg
France shares a short but economically vital border with this wealthy nation. The relationship is defined by strong financial links, with tens of thousands of French workers crossing into Luxembourg daily for employment in its robust banking and services sectors.
Andorra
Nestled high in the Pyrenees between France and Spain, this microstate is uniquely co-governed by the President of France and Spain’s Bishop of Urgell. It is a popular destination for skiing, hiking, and duty-free shopping for French visitors.
Monaco
France’s shortest international border is with the glamorous city-state of Monaco on the French Riviera. Though sovereign, Monaco is deeply intertwined with France for its defense and customs, offering a unique blend of luxury and Mediterranean culture.
