This Russia map shows the 83 federal subjects that are internationally recognized as Russian, grouped into 8 federal districts. They had 143,659,377 residents on 1 January 2025 (Rosstat), and the capital is Moscow. Russia claims 89 subjects. The extra six are Crimea, Sevastopol and the Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions of Ukraine, which are Ukrainian territory occupied by Russia in whole or in part and claimed by it. The map draws them hatched and does not count them. Click a district or subject to see its capital, population, area and time zone, or type a town in the search box.
How to use this map of Russia
Every district and subject on the map is clickable.
- Explore a district: click or tap it to open its subjects, population, area, landmarks and food. Switch the Regions / Subjects toggle to see all 83 federal subjects on their own.
- Compare data: use View by to color the map by federal district, type, population, density, area, GRP per capita, UNESCO sites, time zone or the 12 economic regions. The density layer shows how empty the east is, and the economic regions layer regroups the same 83 subjects under the Soviet-era planning scheme.
- Find a town: type a town in the search box to see its subject and district. It answers questions such as which region Sochi, Kazan or Irkutsk is in.
- Print it: Printables has a labelled map of Russia, a blank map and a blank map with the eight district colors, all in A4.
- Take the data: Export downloads all 83 subjects as CSV with a citation.
We publish the same kind of map for other federations: the regions of India, Brazil, Switzerland, Austria, Australia and the map of Canada. For the continents Russia spans, see Europe and Asia, and for everything we have on the country, Russia.
The 8 federal districts of Russia
| Federal district | Federal subjects | Population | Share of population | Area (km²) | Largest city |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | 17 oblasts and 1 federal city | 40,298,690 | 28.1% | 650,205 | Moscow |
| Northwestern | 2 republics, 7 oblasts, 1 federal city and 1 autonomous okrug | 13,876,648 | 9.7% | 1,686,972 | Saint Petersburg |
| Southern | 2 republics, 1 krai and 3 oblasts | 14,128,518 | 9.8% | 420,876 | Krasnodar |
| North Caucasian | 6 republics and 1 krai | 10,310,935 | 7.2% | 170,957 | Makhachkala |
| Volga | 6 republics, 1 krai and 7 oblasts | 28,408,677 | 19.8% | 1,036,975 | Kazan |
| Ural | 4 oblasts and 2 autonomous okrugs | 12,282,737 | 8.5% | 1,818,497 | Yekaterinburg |
| Siberian | 3 republics, 2 krais and 5 oblasts | 16,492,894 | 11.5% | 4,361,727 | Novosibirsk |
| Far Eastern | 2 republics, 4 krais, 3 oblasts, 1 autonomous oblast and 1 autonomous okrug | 7,860,278 | 5.5% | 6,952,555 | Khabarovsk |
The districts are administrative groupings of the subjects under a presidential envoy. They are not governments, and they have no elected bodies. The seven original districts were created by presidential decree in 2000. The North Caucasian District was split from the Southern in 2010, and Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai moved from the Siberian District to the Far Eastern in 2018. Crimea and Sevastopol briefly formed a Crimean District in 2014 before Russia folded it into its Southern District in 2016.
The eight districts one by one
Central has 18 subjects: 17 oblasts and the federal city of Moscow. It holds 40,298,690 people, or 28.1% of the total, on 3.8% of the land (650,205 km²). Moscow (13,274,285) and Moscow Oblast (8,775,735) together are 54.7% of the district. Its population fell only 0.3% between 1 January 2020 and 1 January 2025, the mildest drop of any district except the North Caucasian, which grew.
Northwestern has 11 subjects, from Kaliningrad on the Baltic to the Nenets tundra on the Barents Sea. It has 13,876,648 people on 1,686,972 km², or 8.2 per km². Saint Petersburg (5,652,922) is 40.7% of the district. Karelia, the Komi Republic and Murmansk Oblast are large and thinly settled, and the district carries 11 World Heritage listings.
Southern has 6 subjects in this data: Adygea, Kalmykia, Krasnodar Krai, Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov. They hold 14,128,518 people on 420,876 km². Krasnodar Krai (5,842,238) and Rostov Oblast (4,137,335) are the two largest. Russia counts Crimea and Sevastopol in this district, and since 2022 the four other claimed regions as well. The map leaves all six out of the numbers.
North Caucasian is the smallest district by area: 7 subjects on 170,957 km², or 1.0% of the land, with 10,310,935 people (60.3 per km²). It is six republics and Stavropol Krai. It is the only district that grew from 2020 to 2025, by 2.3%, led by Ingushetia (+7.6%) and Chechnya (+6.7%). Dagestan (3,259,890) is the largest subject.
Volga has 14 subjects and 28,408,677 people, 19.8% of the total, on 1,036,975 km². Bashkortostan (4,042,377) and Tatarstan (4,019,606) lead, followed by Samara Oblast (3,112,566). The district runs east to the southern Urals and includes Perm Krai and Orenburg Oblast. It lost 3.1% of its people in five years.
Ural has 6 subjects: Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk oblasts, and the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs. It holds 12,282,737 people on 1,818,497 km². Sverdlovsk Oblast (4,221,452) and Chelyabinsk Oblast (3,385,124) hold 62% of them. The two okrugs are among Russia’s richest subjects per head (see the largest and smallest section).
Siberian has 10 subjects, 16,492,894 people and 4,361,727 km², or 25.5% of the land at 3.8 per km². Krasnoyarsk Krai alone covers 2,366,797 km² and has 2,837,988 people, and Novosibirsk Oblast (2,786,540) is close behind. The district fell 3.0% from 2020 to 2025.
Far Eastern has 11 subjects and covers 6,952,555 km², or 40.7% of Russia, for 5.5% of its people (7,860,278). That is 1.1 people per km². Sakha (Yakutia) alone has 3,083,523 km². Primorsky Krai (1,799,659) is the most populous subject. Chukotka, the easternmost, has 47,778 residents.
All 83 federal subjects of Russia and their capitals
All 83 federal subjects
| ISO code | Federal subject | Type | Federal district | Capital | Population | Area (km²) | Formed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU-AD | Adygea | Republic | Southern | Maykop | 500,731 | 7,792 | 1922 |
| RU-AL | Altai Republic | Republic | Siberian | Gorno-Altaysk | 210,095 | 92,903 | 1922 |
| RU-BA | Bashkortostan | Republic | Volga | Ufa | 4,042,377 | 142,947 | 1919 |
| RU-BU | Buryatia | Republic | Far Eastern | Ulan-Ude | 971,139 | 351,334 | 1923 |
| RU-DA | Dagestan | Republic | North Caucasian | Makhachkala | 3,259,890 | 50,270 | 1921 |
| RU-IN | Ingushetia | Republic | North Caucasian | Magas | 534,491 | 3,628 | 1992 |
| RU-KB | Kabardino-Balkaria | Republic | North Caucasian | Nalchik | 908,214 | 12,470 | 1936 |
| RU-KL | Kalmykia | Republic | Southern | Elista | 267,588 | 74,731 | 1957 |
| RU-KC | Karachay-Cherkessia | Republic | North Caucasian | Cherkessk | 468,599 | 14,277 | 1957 |
| RU-KR | Karelia | Republic | Northwestern | Petrozavodsk | 518,950 | 180,520 | 1956 |
| RU-KO | Komi Republic | Republic | Northwestern | Syktyvkar | 714,785 | 416,774 | 1921 |
| RU-ME | Mari El | Republic | Volga | Yoshkar-Ola | 666,202 | 23,375 | 1920 |
| RU-MO | Mordovia | Republic | Volga | Saransk | 758,895 | 26,128 | 1930 |
| RU-SA | Sakha (Yakutia) | Republic | Far Eastern | Yakutsk | 1,006,561 | 3,083,523 | 1922 |
| RU-SE | North Ossetia–Alania | Republic | North Caucasian | Vladikavkaz | 678,826 | 7,987 | 1924 |
| RU-TA | Tatarstan | Republic | Volga | Kazan | 4,019,606 | 67,847 | 1920 |
| RU-TY | Tuva | Republic | Siberian | Kyzyl | 338,483 | 168,604 | 1944 |
| RU-UD | Udmurtia | Republic | Volga | Izhevsk | 1,427,282 | 42,061 | 1920 |
| RU-KK | Khakassia | Republic | Siberian | Abakan | 525,557 | 61,569 | 1930 |
| RU-CE | Chechnya | Republic | North Caucasian | Grozny | 1,576,552 | 16,165 | 1991 |
| RU-CU | Chuvashia | Republic | Volga | Cheboksary | 1,159,768 | 18,343 | 1920 |
| RU-ALT | Altai Krai | Krai | Siberian | Barnaul | 2,099,186 | 167,996 | 1937 |
| RU-KDA | Krasnodar Krai | Krai | Southern | Krasnodar | 5,842,238 | 75,485 | 1937 |
| RU-KYA | Krasnoyarsk Krai | Krai | Siberian | Krasnoyarsk | 2,837,988 | 2,366,797 | 1934 |
| RU-PRI | Primorsky Krai | Krai | Far Eastern | Vladivostok | 1,799,659 | 164,673 | 1938 |
| RU-STA | Stavropol Krai | Krai | North Caucasian | Stavropol | 2,884,363 | 66,160 | 1934 |
| RU-KHA | Khabarovsk Krai | Krai | Far Eastern | Khabarovsk | 1,273,488 | 787,633 | 1938 |
| RU-KAM | Kamchatka Krai | Krai | Far Eastern | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | 288,200 | 464,275 | 2007 |
| RU-PER | Perm Krai | Krai | Volga | Perm | 2,483,633 | 160,236 | 2005 |
| RU-ZAB | Zabaykalsky Krai | Krai | Far Eastern | Chita | 983,838 | 431,892 | 2008 |
| RU-AMU | Amur Oblast | Oblast | Far Eastern | Blagoveshchensk | 753,046 | 361,908 | 1932 |
| RU-ARK | Arkhangelsk Oblast | Oblast | Northwestern | Arkhangelsk | 947,528 | 413,103 | 1937 |
| RU-AST | Astrakhan Oblast | Oblast | Southern | Astrakhan | 946,580 | 49,024 | 1943 |
| RU-BEL | Belgorod Oblast | Oblast | Central | Belgorod | 1,482,025 | 27,134 | 1954 |
| RU-BRY | Bryansk Oblast | Oblast | Central | Bryansk | 1,132,795 | 34,857 | 1944 |
| RU-VLA | Vladimir Oblast | Oblast | Central | Vladimir | 1,297,936 | 29,084 | 1944 |
| RU-VGG | Volgograd Oblast | Oblast | Southern | Volgograd | 2,434,046 | 112,877 | 1937 |
| RU-VLG | Vologda Oblast | Oblast | Northwestern | Vologda | 1,115,371 | 144,527 | 1937 |
| RU-VOR | Voronezh Oblast | Oblast | Central | Voronezh | 2,260,045 | 52,216 | 1934 |
| RU-IVA | Ivanovo Oblast | Oblast | Central | Ivanovo | 898,490 | 21,437 | 1936 |
| RU-IRK | Irkutsk Oblast | Oblast | Siberian | Irkutsk | 2,322,292 | 774,846 | 1937 |
| RU-KGD | Kaliningrad Oblast | Oblast | Northwestern | Kaliningrad | 1,032,904 | 15,125 | 1946 |
| RU-KLU | Kaluga Oblast | Oblast | Central | Kaluga | 1,066,601 | 29,777 | 1944 |
| RU-KEM | Kemerovo Oblast (Kuzbass) | Oblast | Siberian | Kemerovo | 2,527,219 | 95,725 | 1943 |
| RU-KIR | Kirov Oblast | Oblast | Volga | Kirov | 1,120,412 | 120,374 | 1934 |
| RU-KOS | Kostroma Oblast | Oblast | Central | Kostroma | 560,825 | 60,211 | 1944 |
| RU-KGN | Kurgan Oblast | Oblast | Ural | Kurgan | 744,465 | 71,488 | 1943 |
| RU-KRS | Kursk Oblast | Oblast | Central | Kursk | 1,049,783 | 29,997 | 1934 |
| RU-LEN | Leningrad Oblast | Oblast | Northwestern | Gatchina | 2,059,479 | 83,908 | 1927 |
| RU-LIP | Lipetsk Oblast | Oblast | Central | Lipetsk | 1,108,295 | 24,047 | 1954 |
| RU-MAG | Magadan Oblast | Oblast | Far Eastern | Magadan | 134,544 | 462,464 | 1953 |
| RU-MOS | Moscow Oblast | Oblast | Central | Moscow | 8,775,735 | 44,329 | 1929 |
| RU-MUR | Murmansk Oblast | Oblast | Northwestern | Murmansk | 651,363 | 144,902 | 1938 |
| RU-NIZ | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast | Oblast | Volga | Nizhny Novgorod | 3,039,421 | 76,624 | 1936 |
| RU-NGR | Novgorod Oblast | Oblast | Northwestern | Veliky Novgorod | 566,960 | 54,501 | 1944 |
| RU-NVS | Novosibirsk Oblast | Oblast | Siberian | Novosibirsk | 2,786,540 | 177,756 | 1937 |
| RU-OMS | Omsk Oblast | Oblast | Siberian | Omsk | 1,805,806 | 141,140 | 1934 |
| RU-ORE | Orenburg Oblast | Oblast | Volga | Orenburg | 1,816,898 | 123,702 | 1934 |
| RU-ORL | Oryol Oblast | Oblast | Central | Oryol | 686,181 | 24,652 | 1937 |
| RU-PNZ | Penza Oblast | Oblast | Volga | Penza | 1,226,878 | 43,352 | 1939 |
| RU-PSK | Pskov Oblast | Oblast | Northwestern | Pskov | 574,480 | 55,399 | 1944 |
| RU-ROS | Rostov Oblast | Oblast | Southern | Rostov-on-Don | 4,137,335 | 100,967 | 1937 |
| RU-RYA | Ryazan Oblast | Oblast | Central | Ryazan | 1,074,402 | 39,605 | 1937 |
| RU-SAM | Samara Oblast | Oblast | Volga | Samara | 3,112,566 | 53,565 | 1928 |
| RU-SAR | Saratov Oblast | Oblast | Volga | Saratov | 2,369,405 | 101,240 | 1936 |
| RU-SAK | Sakhalin Oblast | Oblast | Far Eastern | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | 457,597 | 87,101 | 1947 |
| RU-SVE | Sverdlovsk Oblast | Oblast | Ural | Yekaterinburg | 4,221,452 | 194,307 | 1935 |
| RU-SMO | Smolensk Oblast | Oblast | Central | Smolensk | 857,096 | 49,779 | 1937 |
| RU-TAM | Tambov Oblast | Oblast | Central | Tambov | 946,657 | 34,462 | 1937 |
| RU-TVE | Tver Oblast | Oblast | Central | Tver | 1,190,574 | 84,201 | 1935 |
| RU-TOM | Tomsk Oblast | Oblast | Siberian | Tomsk | 1,039,728 | 314,391 | 1944 |
| RU-TUL | Tula Oblast | Oblast | Central | Tula | 1,456,791 | 25,679 | 1937 |
| RU-TYU | Tyumen Oblast | Oblast | Ural | Tyumen | 1,626,809 | 160,122 | 1944 |
| RU-ULY | Ulyanovsk Oblast | Oblast | Volga | Ulyanovsk | 1,165,334 | 37,181 | 1943 |
| RU-CHE | Chelyabinsk Oblast | Oblast | Ural | Chelyabinsk | 3,385,124 | 88,529 | 1934 |
| RU-YAR | Yaroslavl Oblast | Oblast | Central | Yaroslavl | 1,180,174 | 36,177 | 1936 |
| RU-MOW | Moscow | Federal city | Central | Moscow | 13,274,285 | 2,561 | 1147 |
| RU-SPE | Saint Petersburg | Federal city | Northwestern | Saint Petersburg | 5,652,922 | 1,403 | 1703 |
| RU-YEV | Jewish Autonomous Oblast | Autonomous oblast | Far Eastern | Birobidzhan | 144,428 | 36,271 | 1934 |
| RU-NEN | Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Autonomous okrug | Northwestern | Naryan-Mar | 41,906 | 176,810 | 1929 |
| RU-KHM | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | Autonomous okrug | Ural | Khanty-Mansiysk | 1,781,782 | 534,801 | 1930 |
| RU-YAN | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Autonomous okrug | Ural | Salekhard | 523,105 | 769,250 | 1930 |
| RU-CHU | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | Autonomous okrug | Far Eastern | Anadyr | 47,778 | 721,481 | 1930 |
The 83 subjects cover 17,098,764 km² and held 143,659,377 people on 1 January 2025, or 8.4 per km². That is 1.3% fewer than the 145,498,288 Rosstat recalculated for 1 January 2020 on the same census basis. Nineteen subjects grew and 64 shrank. Use the population layer to compare them. The page also counts 2,320 first-level municipalities (urban okrugs, municipal districts and municipal okrugs), with Moscow counted as 12 administrative okrugs and Saint Petersburg as 18 districts. Two capitals need a note. Moscow Oblast has no official capital, and its governing bodies sit in the city of Moscow, which is a separate subject, and in Krasnogorsk. Leningrad Oblast is run from Gatchina, not from Saint Petersburg.
Why 83, 85 or 89? Recognized and claimed subjects
Russia has 83 federal subjects that no state disputes. Russia itself lists 89, because it counts six areas of Ukraine that it annexed. Both numbers appear on maps and in encyclopedias, and 89 is also the figure from 1993, which makes old and new pages easy to confuse.
| Period | Change | Count |
|---|---|---|
| 1993 | The year the Constitution was adopted | 89 |
| 2005 to 2008 | Five mergers of an oblast with an autonomous okrug: Perm Krai (2005), Kamchatka Krai (2007), Krasnoyarsk Krai (2007), Irkutsk Oblast (2008) and Zabaykalsky Krai (2008) | 83 |
| 2014 | Russia adds the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol | 85 claimed |
| 2022 | Russia adds the Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions | 89 claimed |
The United Nations General Assembly addressed both annexations. Resolution 68/262, adopted on 27 March 2014 with 100 votes in favour, affirmed Ukraine’s territorial integrity and called the referendum in Crimea invalid. Resolution ES-11/4, adopted on 12 October 2022 with 143 votes in favour, declared the annexation of the four regions invalid. Most governments follow these resolutions, and Russia rejects them.
This map follows the internationally recognized borders. It draws the six areas hatched inside Ukraine’s borders as claimed territory, gives them no data card and counts them in no total. Russia does not control all of the Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson territory it claims, and the map draws no line of control. In Russia’s own count the claimed 89 are 24 republics (the 21 plus Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk), 48 oblasts (the 46 plus Zaporizhzhia and Kherson), 3 federal cities (the 2 plus Sevastopol), 9 krais, 4 autonomous okrugs and 1 autonomous oblast. Before any trip, check your government’s travel advisory for Russia and for the hatched areas.
Kinds of federal subject: republic, oblast, krai and more
Russia has six kinds of federal subject. All are equal in federal law, and each has two seats in the Federation Council. The difference is in how each is set up.
| Type | Count | Population (1 Jan 2025) | What defines it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republic | 21 | 24,554,591 | May adopt its own constitution and a state language beside Russian |
| Krai | 9 | 20,492,593 | Territory with a charter; historically a frontier region |
| Oblast | 46 | 77,145,987 | Region with a charter; the standard type |
| Federal city | 2 | 18,927,207 | Moscow and Saint Petersburg, each a city and a subject |
| Autonomous okrug | 4 | 2,394,571 | Named for a minority; Chukotka, Nenets, Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets |
| Autonomous oblast | 1 | 144,428 | The Jewish Autonomous Oblast, with Birobidzhan as its capital |
The nine krais are Altai, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Primorsky, Stavropol and Zabaykalsky. A krai and an oblast differ in name and history, not in powers. Twenty of the 21 republics have one or more co-official languages beside Russian, such as Tatar in Tatarstan, Chechen in Chechnya and Tuvan in Tuva. Karelia has none, because Karelian, Finnish and Veps are protected there but not official. For the wider picture, read our guide to indigenous languages of Russia.
Nested autonomous okrugs: Nenets, Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets
| Autonomous okrug | Federal district | Capital | Population | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Northwestern | Naryan-Mar | 41,906 | 176,810 |
| Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | Ural | Khanty-Mansiysk | 1,781,782 | 534,801 |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Ural | Salekhard | 523,105 | 769,250 |
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | Far Eastern | Anadyr | 47,778 | 721,481 |
Three autonomous okrugs lie geographically inside a larger subject. The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is inside Arkhangelsk Oblast, and the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs are inside Tyumen Oblast. Each is also a federal subject in its own right, so each counts once in the 83 and has its own card, its own government and its own seats in the Federation Council. Chukotka, the fourth okrug, is not nested.
The nesting creates a double-counting trap in statistics. Rosstat publishes Arkhangelsk and Tyumen both including and excluding their okrugs, and this map uses the rows excluding them. Arkhangelsk Oblast therefore shows 947,528 people and 413,103 km², and Nenets adds 41,906 people and 176,810 km². Together they make 989,434 people and 589,913 km². Tyumen Oblast shows 1,626,809 people and 160,122 km². With Khanty-Mansi (1,781,782) and Yamalo-Nenets (523,105) the whole of Tyumen is 3,931,696 people on 1,464,173 km². Both totals match Rosstat’s own including rows, and nothing is counted twice.
Does Russia have states or provinces?
Russia has neither. Its first-level divisions are federal subjects, which English-language sources also call regions or, loosely, states, provinces or republics. A search for “states of Russia” or “Russian republics” leads here: the 21 republics are a subset of the 83. The second level is municipalities. The map counts 2,320 first-level municipalities, such as Moscow’s 12 administrative okrugs and Sverdlovsk Oblast’s 73, the most of any subject.
Russia population by federal subject
The 83 subjects had 143,659,377 permanent residents on 1 January 2025, the latest Rosstat municipal table, against 145,498,288 on 1 January 2020 after Rosstat’s recalculation with the 2020 census. Moscow, Moscow Oblast and Saint Petersburg hold 27,702,942 people between them, or 19.3% of the total. The most populous subjects after them are Krasnodar Krai (5,842,238), Sverdlovsk Oblast (4,221,452) and Rostov Oblast (4,137,335). The largest cities after Moscow and Saint Petersburg are Novosibirsk (1,637,266), Yekaterinburg (1,548,187) and Kazan (1,329,825). For the other end of the scale, see our rankings of the smallest cities in Russia by population and by area, and the A-Z hub of Russian cities and towns.
Other sources give a larger national figure. Rosstat’s own Russia total includes Crimea and Sevastopol (1,902,249 and 558,302 on the same table) and the four claimed regions. Adding only Crimea and Sevastopol to the 83 gives 146,119,928. This page reports the 83, because those are the subjects the map draws as Russian.
Growth is concentrated. The fastest-growing subjects from 2020 to 2025 were Ingushetia (+7.6%), Chechnya (+6.7%), Khanty-Mansi (+5.8%), Leningrad Oblast (+5.6%) and Moscow Oblast (+4.8%). The steepest declines were in Kurgan Oblast (−6.9%), the Jewish Autonomous Oblast (−6.6%) and Arkhangelsk and Smolensk oblasts (−6.5% each). The density layer adds the geography of it.
Largest and smallest federal subjects
| Measure | Highest | Lowest |
|---|---|---|
| Area | Sakha (Yakutia), 3,083,523 km²; Krasnoyarsk Krai, 2,366,797; Khabarovsk Krai, 787,633 | Saint Petersburg, 1,403 km²; Moscow, 2,561; Ingushetia, 3,628 |
| Population | Moscow, 13,274,285; Moscow Oblast, 8,775,735; Krasnodar Krai, 5,842,238 | Nenets, 41,906; Chukotka, 47,778; Magadan Oblast, 134,544 |
| Density per km² | Moscow, 5,183; Saint Petersburg, 4,029; Moscow Oblast, 198 | Chukotka, 0.07; Nenets, 0.24; Magadan Oblast, 0.29 |
| GRP per capita, 2024 (rubles) | Nenets, 14,250,822; Yamalo-Nenets, 12,196,003; Khanty-Mansi, 5,610,363 | Ingushetia, 204,566; Chechnya, 344,807; Karachay-Cherkessia, 347,711 |
Sakha is 18.0% of the area of the 83, and the three largest subjects (Sakha, Krasnoyarsk and Khabarovsk) are 36.5%. Moscow has 317 times the population of Nenets. The densest subject (Moscow, 5,183 per km²) is about 74,000 times denser than the sparsest (Chukotka, 0.07), so the national average of 8.4 people per km² describes almost no place.
Gross regional product (GRP) per capita is Rosstat’s preliminary estimate for 2024 in current rubles. It measures what a subject’s industries produce per resident, not what residents earn, so the oil and gas okrugs and the mining areas of Magadan, Chukotka and Sakhalin sit far above the rest. Nenets is 70 times Ingushetia. Moscow, at 3,103,504 rubles, ranks seventh. Rosstat publishes no national per-capita figure that matches the 83 subjects, so the map shows none. Switch to the GRP layer to see the pattern.
Siberia, the Far East and European Russia on the map
“Siberia” has three working meanings on a map of Russia, and they select different subjects.
| Definition | Subjects | Population (1 Jan 2025) | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siberian Federal District | 10 | 16,492,894 | 4,361,727 |
| West and East Siberian economic regions | 15 | 22,379,567 | 6,609,126 |
| Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern districts (everything east of the Volga District) | 27 | 36,635,909 | 13,132,779 |
The economic-region version has five more subjects than the federal district: Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai, which moved to the Far Eastern District in 2018, and Tyumen Oblast with the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets okrugs, which belong to the Ural District. The 27 subjects east of the Volga District hold 25.5% of Russia’s people and 76.8% of its land. The five western districts (Central, Northwestern, Southern, North Caucasian and Volga) hold 56 subjects, 107,023,468 people (74.5%) and 3,965,985 km² (23.2%). That is a district split, not the continental one. The conventional Europe-Asia line follows the Ural Mountains and cuts across a few subjects, such as Bashkortostan and Orenburg Oblast. Our hubs for Eastern Europe and Eurasia both list Russia, and you can also browse the regions of Asia.
Kaliningrad: the exclave on the Baltic
Kaliningrad Oblast is a Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea between Poland and Lithuania, and it is the only subject that uses Kaliningrad Time (UTC+2). It has 1,032,904 residents on 15,125 km², or 68.3 per km², and it grew 1.7% between 2020 and 2025, when most subjects shrank. The city of Kaliningrad has 488,690 of those residents. The oblast is formally in the Northwestern District, forms an economic region of its own and shares the Curonian Spit World Heritage site with Lithuania. It was the northern part of German East Prussia. The map draws it in an inset.
The 12 economic regions of Russia
Besides the 8 federal districts, Russia’s classifier of economic regions (OK 024-95) groups the subjects into 12 economic regions: the 11 Soviet-era planning regions plus Kaliningrad. Statisticians and economic geographers still use them. Switch View by to the economic regions layer to draw them.
| Economic region | Subjects | Population (1 Jan 2025) | Members |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central | 13 | 33,451,885 | Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Oryol, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tver, Tula, Yaroslavl |
| North Caucasus | 10 | 20,791,239 | Adygea, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia–Alania, Chechnya, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, Rostov |
| Ural | 7 | 18,121,231 | Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, Perm Krai, Kurgan, Orenburg, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk |
| Volga | 8 | 15,542,003 | Kalmykia, Tatarstan, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk |
| West Siberian | 9 | 14,400,270 | Altai Republic, Altai Krai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Khanty-Mansi, Yamalo-Nenets |
| Northwestern | 4 | 8,853,841 | Saint Petersburg, Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov |
| East Siberian | 6 | 7,979,297 | Buryatia, Tuva, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Zabaykalsky Krai, Irkutsk |
| Central Black Earth | 5 | 6,846,805 | Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov |
| Volga-Vyatka | 5 | 6,744,698 | Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod |
| Far Eastern | 9 | 5,905,301 | Sakha, Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Kamchatka Krai, Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Chukotka |
| Northern | 6 | 3,989,903 | Karelia, Komi, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Murmansk, Nenets |
| Kaliningrad | 1 | 1,032,904 | Kaliningrad Oblast |
The scheme predates the 2018 district change, so Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai stay in the East Siberian region while the Far Eastern District now holds them. Crimea and Sevastopol belong to no region on the map, and the hatched areas are unassigned.
Time zones of Russia by subject
Russia has 11 time zones, from UTC+2 in Kaliningrad to UTC+12 in Kamchatka and Chukotka. None observes daylight saving. Moscow Time (UTC+3) covers 47 of the 83 subjects, and Sakha is the only subject in three zones (UTC+9, +10 and +11, by district).
| Zone | UTC | Subjects | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kaliningrad Time | +2 | 1 | Kaliningrad Oblast |
| Moscow Time | +3 | 47 | Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Tatarstan, Krasnodar Krai, Murmansk Oblast |
| Samara Time | +4 | 5 | Udmurtia, Astrakhan, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk |
| Yekaterinburg Time | +5 | 9 | Bashkortostan, Perm Krai, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Khanty-Mansi |
| Omsk Time | +6 | 1 | Omsk Oblast |
| Krasnoyarsk Time | +7 | 8 | Novosibirsk, Altai Krai, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva |
| Irkutsk Time | +8 | 2 | Irkutsk Oblast, Buryatia |
| Yakutsk Time | +9 | 3 | Zabaykalsky Krai, Amur Oblast, part of Sakha |
| Vladivostok Time | +10 | 4 | Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, part of Sakha |
| Magadan Time | +11 | 3 | Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, part of Sakha |
| Kamchatka Time | +12 | 2 | Kamchatka Krai, Chukotka |
The counts add to 85 rather than 83 because Sakha appears three times. From Kaliningrad to Chukotka the clock moves by ten hours.
Countries that border Russia
Russia shares land borders with 14 sovereign states: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea, plus Lithuania and Poland along the Kaliningrad exclave. Russia also borders Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which it recognizes as states and which most countries regard as part of Georgia. Russia has coasts on the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Pacific, and it is one of the countries that border the Arctic Ocean. It is also one of the countries that border North Korea.
UNESCO World Heritage sites by subject
UNESCO lists 33 properties for the Russian Federation. Twenty-nine of the 83 subjects have at least one, and serial properties count in every subject they touch, so the subject listings add up to 36. Tatarstan has four (the Kazan Kremlin, Bolgar, Sviyazhsk and the Kazan University observatories), Moscow three, and Arkhangelsk Oblast and Karelia two each. Lake Baikal falls in Irkutsk Oblast and Buryatia, and the Western Caucasus in Krasnodar Krai, Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia. Tauric Chersonesos in Sevastopol is not counted, because UNESCO lists it under Ukraine. The UNESCO layer counts them per subject. Saint Petersburg has the historic centre of the city on the list: see cool things to do in St Petersburg. For culture across the country, read traditions in Russia.
Frequently asked questions
What is the capital of Russia?
The capital of Russia is Moscow, a city of 13,274,285 people on 1 January 2025. Moscow is also a federal city, which makes it a federal subject in its own right, separate from the surrounding Moscow Oblast. Saint Petersburg, with 5,652,922 people, is the second federal city.
How many federal subjects does Russia have?
Internationally recognized Russia has 83 federal subjects: 21 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 4 autonomous okrugs, 2 federal cities and 1 autonomous oblast. Russia itself claims 89, counting Crimea, Sevastopol and four regions of Ukraine that it annexed in 2014 and 2022.
Why do some sources say 85 or 89 regions?
Russia added Crimea and Sevastopol in 2014, which gave 85, and the Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions in 2022, which gave 89. UN General Assembly resolutions 68/262 and ES-11/4 call those annexations invalid, so recognized counts stay at 83. The figure 89 also applied in 1993, before mergers cut the count to 83 by 2008. This map hatches the six claimed areas and does not count them.
How many federal districts does Russia have, and what are they?
Russia has 8 federal districts: Central (18 subjects), Northwestern (11), Southern (6), North Caucasian (7), Volga (14), Ural (6), Siberian (10) and Far Eastern (11). The Southern count of 6 leaves out Crimea and Sevastopol, which Russia lists in that district.
What is the population of Russia?
The 83 federal subjects had 143,659,377 residents on 1 January 2025 according to Rosstat, 1.3% fewer than the 145,498,288 recalculated for 1 January 2020. Totals that add Crimea and Sevastopol are higher, at 146,119,928 on the same Rosstat table.
How many time zones does Russia have?
Russia has 11 time zones, from UTC+2 in Kaliningrad to UTC+12 in Kamchatka and Chukotka. Moscow Time (UTC+3) covers 47 of the 83 subjects, and none of the zones uses daylight saving time.
Does Russia have states or provinces?
No. Russia is divided into federal subjects: 21 republics, 46 oblasts, 9 krais, 4 autonomous okrugs, 2 federal cities and 1 autonomous oblast. English-language sources often call them regions, and some call the republics states.
What is the difference between a republic, an oblast and a krai?
All have equal standing in federal law. A republic may adopt a constitution and a state language beside Russian, while oblasts and krais adopt a charter. A krai differs from an oblast in name and history, not in powers. Republics are usually named for a minority people, such as Tatarstan or Tuva.
What is the largest and smallest region of Russia?
Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest by area at 3,083,523 km2, 18.0% of the 83 subjects together. Saint Petersburg is the smallest at 1,403 km2. By population, Moscow has the most people (13,274,285) and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug the fewest (41,906).
Is Crimea part of Russia?
Not under international law. Russia annexed Crimea in 2014 and administers it as the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. UN General Assembly resolution 68/262 affirmed Ukraine’s territorial integrity, and most governments do not recognize the annexation. The map draws Crimea hatched as claimed territory and excludes it from the 83 subjects.
Is Moscow part of Moscow Oblast?
No. The city of Moscow and Moscow Oblast are separate federal subjects, although the oblast surrounds the city. Moscow Oblast has 8,775,735 people and no official capital, and its governing bodies sit in the city of Moscow and in Krasnogorsk.
Which countries border Russia?
Russia borders 14 sovereign countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea, plus Lithuania and Poland at Kaliningrad. It also borders Abkhazia and South Ossetia, breakaway regions that Russia recognizes and most countries regard as part of Georgia.
Sources and methodology
- Population: Rosstat, permanent population of the Russian Federation by municipality on 1 January 2025 (final table), and the population on 1 January 2020 recalculated with the results of the 2020 census, so both dates share one census basis. For Arkhangelsk and Tyumen oblasts the rows without the autonomous okrugs are used, and the parent plus its okrugs equals Rosstat’s including rows. Rosstat’s site blocks non-Russian addresses, so the files were retrieved from copies of the official URLs in the Internet Archive. The preliminary 1 January 2025 estimate on Wikipedia agrees with the final table within 0.5% for every subject. Data checked 2 November 2026.
- Area: total area including inland waters, from Rosreestr and Rosstat figures as printed in the Wikipedia list of federal subjects of Russia, checked against the Russian Wikipedia list and Wikidata. The 83 sum to 17,098,764 km². Arkhangelsk (413,103) and Tyumen (160,122) are without their okrugs. Density divides population by area.
- GRP per capita: Rosstat, gross regional product per capita for 2024, in current rubles. It is a preliminary estimate published on 8 April 2026 and excludes the annexed Ukrainian regions.
- Federal districts, codes and years formed: the Wikipedia table of federal subjects and ISO 3166-2:RU, whose 83 codes match the boundary data. The map draws subject boundaries from geoBoundaries.
- Economic regions: the Russian classifier OK 024-95 (edition of 24 April 2025), as listed by Wikipedia.
- Time zones: Wikipedia, Time in Russia, checked 2 November 2026.
- Languages: Wikipedia, Languages of Russia, and the articles on each republic.
- Municipalities: first-level municipalities from the Rosstat table of 1 January 2025. Municipal reforms in 2026 postdate it and are not reflected.
- World Heritage: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 33 properties for the Russian Federation, checked on 2 November 2026. Serial properties count in every subject they touch.
- Claimed territory: UN General Assembly resolutions 68/262 (27 March 2014) and ES-11/4 (12 October 2022). The six claimed areas are drawn at their internationally recognized Ukrainian boundaries, hatched, outside every total.
- Towns and coordinates: the town search combines Rosstat city populations with GeoNames (CC BY 4.0).
For language help on the road, see basic Russian phrases for travel and the longer list of useful phrases for tourists in Russia. For crime rankings by city, see the most dangerous cities in Russia.