Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories, grouped into five regions: Atlantic Canada, Central Canada, the Prairies, the West Coast and the North. The population was 41,798,407 on 1 July 2026 (Statistics Canada, preliminary estimate), and the capital is Ottawa, Ontario. On the interactive map of Canada above, click any region or province to see its capital, population, area, time zone, French-speaking share, top cities and UNESCO World Heritage sites, or type a city name in the search box to find its province.
How to use this Canada map
This Canada map draws all 13 provinces and territories, and every one is clickable.
- Explore a region: click or tap it to open its provinces and territories, population, area, landmarks and food. Switch the Regions / Provinces toggle to see all 13 on their own.
- Compare data: use View by to color the map by region, population, density, area, GDP per capita, UNESCO sites, time zone, French speakers or unit type (province or territory).
- Find a place: type a city, town or municipality in the search box to see its province and region. Old and local names such as Frobisher Bay, Bytown and Metro Vancouver work too.
- Check the clock: the Time zone view shows the offsets that apply from 1 November 2026, with areas that no longer change their clocks hatched.
- Test yourself: the Quiz asks you to find provinces and regions against the clock. Start it with the quiz link.
- Take it with you: Export downloads the data as CSV with a citation. Printables has labelled and blank maps of Canada in A4.
We publish the same kind of map for other countries: regions of Italy, regions of Japan, regions of Brazil and regions of India. For the continent, see North America, and for Canada's neighbour to the south, the states that border Canada.
The 5 regions of Canada
On this page the regions of Canada are Atlantic Canada, Central Canada, the Prairies, the West Coast and the North. The provinces and territories are the only official units. The five regions are the grouping used in school geography, and no law defines them, so other sources draw the lines differently. Click a column heading to sort by population, area or number of units.
| Region | Provinces and territories | Population | Share | Area (km²) | Largest city |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlantic Canada | 4 provinces | 2,722,392 | 6.5% | 539,064 | Halifax |
| Central Canada | 2 provinces | 25,329,235 | 60.6% | 2,618,451 | Toronto |
| The Prairies | 3 provinces | 7,896,831 | 18.9% | 1,960,681 | Calgary |
| West Coast | 1 province | 5,710,598 | 13.7% | 944,735 | Vancouver |
| The North | 3 territories | 139,351 | 0.3% | 3,921,739 | Whitehorse |
Population is the Statistics Canada estimate for 1 July 2026. Central Canada holds 60.6% of the population on 26.2% of the area. The North is the opposite: 39.3% of the area and 0.3% of the people, 139,351 in all. The West Coast is one province, British Columbia, with 5,710,598 people.
Statistics Canada uses six regions instead of five for its own tables: Atlantic, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies, British Columbia and the Territories. It splits Central Canada into Quebec and Ontario. The other groupings match the ones on this map.
Maritimes vs Atlantic Canada
The Maritime provinces are Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces, is those three plus Newfoundland and Labrador. The Maritimes are the narrower term, and Newfoundland and Labrador is not part of it.
| Term | Provinces | Population | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Maritimes | Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island | 2,169,930 | 133,852 |
| Atlantic Canada | The Maritimes plus Newfoundland and Labrador | 2,722,392 | 539,064 |
Newfoundland and Labrador adds 552,462 people and 405,212 km², three times the area of the three Maritime provinces together. The Maritimes keep Atlantic Time. In Newfoundland and Labrador the island and the southeastern Labrador coast run half an hour ahead of it, and most of Labrador uses Atlantic Time. For the coastline, see our lists of bays in Nova Scotia and bays in Newfoundland.
The regions of Canada one by one
Atlantic Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) lies on the Atlantic coast and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Prince Edward Island is the smallest province at 5,660 km² and the most densely settled, with 32.2 people per km² of land. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province.
Central Canada (Quebec and Ontario) is the most populous region, with 25,329,235 people. It holds the national capital, Ottawa, and the two largest cities, Toronto and Montreal. Quebec is the largest province by area at 1,542,056 km². For its wild side, see the national parks in Quebec and the ghost towns of Quebec.
The Prairies (Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta) have 7,896,831 people. The grassland covers only the southern part of each province. The north of all three is boreal forest, and Alberta also reaches the Rocky Mountains. Alberta is the largest of the three with 5,101,050 people, and its population grew 15.1% between the 1 July 2021 and 1 July 2026 estimates, the second-fastest rate in the country. For parks, see the national parks in Saskatchewan.
The West Coast is British Columbia, the only province on the Pacific Ocean. Vancouver is its largest city and Victoria, on Vancouver Island, is the capital. Mountain ranges and interior plateaus separate the coast from the Rockies.
The North (Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut) covers about 39% of Canada. Nunavut alone is 2,093,190 km², the largest unit in the country, with 43,091 people. Density is 0.11 per km² in Yukon, 0.04 in the Northwest Territories and 0.02 in Nunavut. For places to see, read about the national parks in Nunavut and the ghost towns of Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
10 provinces and 3 territories: what is the difference?
Canada has 13 first-level units: 10 provinces and 3 territories. The count has been 13 since Nunavut was created on 1 April 1999. Before that it was 10 provinces and 2 territories.
- A province holds its powers in its own right under the Constitution Act, 1867. Canada has 10.
- A territory exercises powers that the federal Parliament delegates to it by statute. Canada has 3: Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.
The territories cover 3,921,739 km², or 39.3% of Canada, and hold 139,351 people, or 0.3%. The newest province is Newfoundland and Labrador, which joined on 31 March 1949. The newest territory, and the newest unit of any kind, is Nunavut, separated from the Northwest Territories on 1 April 1999.
| Territory | Capital | Created | Population 2026 | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yukon | Whitehorse | 1898 | 50,356 | 482,443 |
| Northwest Territories | Yellowknife | 1870 | 45,904 | 1,346,106 |
| Nunavut | Iqaluit | 1999 | 43,091 | 2,093,190 |
All 10 provinces and 3 territories of Canada
The table lists every province and territory with its abbreviation, capital, largest city, region, population, area and the year it joined Confederation or was created. Click a heading to sort. The 2021 Census column is the last full count. The 2026 column is an estimate for 1 July 2026, so the two are not on the same basis.
All 13 provinces and territories
| Abbr. | Name | Capital | Largest city | Region | Population 2026 | Census 2021 | Area (km²) | Joined |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL | Newfoundland and Labrador | St. John's | St. John's | Atlantic Canada | 552,462 | 510,550 | 405,212 | 1949 |
| PE | Prince Edward Island | Charlottetown | Charlottetown | Atlantic Canada | 182,989 | 154,331 | 5,660 | 1873 |
| NS | Nova Scotia | Halifax | Halifax | Atlantic Canada | 1,103,419 | 969,383 | 55,284 | 1867 |
| NB | New Brunswick | Fredericton | Moncton | Atlantic Canada | 883,522 | 775,610 | 72,908 | 1867 |
| QC | Quebec | Quebec City | Montreal | Central Canada | 9,067,114 | 8,501,833 | 1,542,056 | 1867 |
| ON | Ontario | Toronto | Toronto | Central Canada | 16,262,121 | 14,223,942 | 1,076,395 | 1867 |
| MB | Manitoba | Winnipeg | Winnipeg | The Prairies | 1,517,379 | 1,342,153 | 647,797 | 1870 |
| SK | Saskatchewan | Regina | Saskatoon | The Prairies | 1,278,402 | 1,132,505 | 651,036 | 1905 |
| AB | Alberta | Edmonton | Calgary | The Prairies | 5,101,050 | 4,262,635 | 661,848 | 1905 |
| BC | British Columbia | Victoria | Vancouver | West Coast | 5,710,598 | 5,000,879 | 944,735 | 1871 |
| YT | Yukon | Whitehorse | Whitehorse | The North | 50,356 | 40,232 | 482,443 | 1898 |
| NT | Northwest Territories | Yellowknife | Yellowknife | The North | 45,904 | 41,070 | 1,346,106 | 1870 |
| NU | Nunavut | Iqaluit | Iqaluit | The North | 43,091 | 36,858 | 2,093,190 | 1999 |
The four original provinces joined on 1 July 1867: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. All 13 units together add up to 9,984,670 km² of land and fresh water. Museums are listed for every province and territory on one page, and the airports are in our list of airports in Canada.
Provinces and capitals of Canada
Every province and territory has its own capital, and the capital of Canada is Ottawa. Several capitals are not the biggest city in their unit, and that is where most mistakes come from:
- Ottawa is the national capital. Toronto is only the capital of Ontario, although it is the largest city in the country. Ottawa sits on the Ottawa River, opposite Gatineau, Quebec.
- Victoria is the capital of British Columbia, not Vancouver.
- Quebec City is the capital of Quebec, not Montreal.
- Edmonton is the capital of Alberta. Calgary is larger.
- Regina is the capital of Saskatchewan. Saskatoon is larger.
- Fredericton is the capital of New Brunswick. Moncton is larger.
- Iqaluit is the capital of Nunavut, and Whitehorse and Yellowknife are the capitals of Yukon and the Northwest Territories.
The rest follow the largest city: Winnipeg for Manitoba, Halifax for Nova Scotia, Charlottetown for Prince Edward Island and St. John's for Newfoundland and Labrador.
Map of Canada with cities
To get a map of Canada with cities, type a place in the search box above the map. It searches the 2021 Census subdivisions, which are the cities, towns and municipalities Statistics Canada counts (5,161 in all), plus other named places from GeoNames, and it shows the result on the map with its province and region. The top five cities of each province and territory are on its card.
The largest cities, by 2021 Census population of the city proper, are Toronto (2,794,356), Montreal (1,762,949), Calgary (1,306,784), Ottawa (1,017,449) and Edmonton (1,010,899). Vancouver has 662,248 in the city itself. Those are municipal limits, so they are smaller than the metropolitan figures you may see elsewhere. To compare cities by land, read the largest cities in Canada by area, and for an alphabetical list see Canada cities and towns A-Z.
Largest and smallest provinces and territories
Nunavut is the largest unit by area and Ontario has the most people. Prince Edward Island is the smallest by area and Nunavut has the fewest people.
| Measure | Largest | Smallest |
|---|---|---|
| Area, all units | Nunavut, 2,093,190 km² | Prince Edward Island, 5,660 km² |
| Area, provinces | Quebec, 1,542,056 km² | Prince Edward Island, 5,660 km² |
| Area, territories | Nunavut, 2,093,190 km² | Yukon, 482,443 km² |
| Population, all units | Ontario, 16,262,121 | Nunavut, 43,091 |
| Population, provinces | Ontario, 16,262,121 | Prince Edward Island, 182,989 |
| Density per km² of land | Prince Edward Island, 32.2 | Nunavut, 0.02 |
Ontario holds 38.9% of Canadians. Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta together hold 36,140,883 people, or 86.5%. Nunavut leads in GDP per capita at CAD 136,763 in 2024, followed by the Northwest Territories (113,155) and Alberta (96,686), the highest of any province. The fastest growth from the 1 July 2021 to the 1 July 2026 estimate was in Yukon (17.2%) and Alberta (15.1%). The slowest was in the Northwest Territories (3.0%). Rankings by other measures are in our posts on the largest provinces in Canada by population and the smallest provinces in Canada by population.
How the map of Canada changed, 1867 to 1999
Canada began with four provinces and reached its present 13 units in 132 years. Each step below changed the map.
| Year | Change |
|---|---|
| 1867 | Confederation on 1 July: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. |
| 1870 | Manitoba joined on 15 July as the fifth province. The same day the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land were transferred to Canada, forming the Northwest Territories. |
| 1871 | British Columbia joined on 20 July as the sixth province. |
| 1873 | Prince Edward Island joined on 1 July. The Charlottetown Conference of 1864, which began the Confederation process, was held there. |
| 1898 | Yukon was created as a separate territory on 13 June, during the Klondike Gold Rush. |
| 1905 | Alberta and Saskatchewan were created from the Northwest Territories and joined on 1 September. |
| 1949 | Newfoundland joined on 31 March as the tenth province. It had been the Dominion of Newfoundland. |
| 1999 | Nunavut separated from the Northwest Territories on 1 April and became the third territory. |
Canada time zones as of November 2026
Canada has six standard time zones: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic and Newfoundland. The rules for changing clocks were rewritten in 2026, so many Canada time zone maps and lists are out of date. This table shows each province and territory as it stands from 1 November 2026, with the date each rule took effect.
| Province or territory | Zone | Clock rule | In effect since |
|---|---|---|---|
| British Columbia, most of the province (including the Peace River region, Fort Nelson and Creston) | Pacific | UTC-7 all year | 8 March 2026 |
| British Columbia, East Kootenay (Cranbrook, Fernie) and Golden | Mountain | UTC-6 all year, following Alberta | 1 November 2026 |
| Alberta | Alberta Time | UTC-6 all year | 1 November 2026 |
| Saskatchewan (including Lloydminster) | Central | UTC-6 all year | No change |
| Manitoba | Central Daylight | UTC-5 all year | 1 November 2026 |
| Ontario, northwest of 90°W (including Kenora and Atikokan) | Central Daylight | UTC-5 all year | 1 November 2026 (announced 13 October 2026) |
| Ontario, the rest | Eastern | UTC-5 in winter, UTC-4 in summer | No change |
| Quebec, most of the province | Eastern | UTC-5 in winter, UTC-4 in summer | No change |
| Quebec, Magdalen Islands and Listuguj | Atlantic | UTC-4 in winter, UTC-3 in summer | No change |
| Quebec, Basse-Côte-Nord from Kegaska east to Blanc-Sablon | Atlantic | UTC-4 all year | No change |
| New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | Atlantic | UTC-4 in winter, UTC-3 in summer | No change |
| Newfoundland and Labrador, island of Newfoundland and southeastern Labrador | Newfoundland | UTC-3:30 in winter, UTC-2:30 in summer | No change |
| Newfoundland and Labrador, most of Labrador | Atlantic | UTC-4 in winter, UTC-3 in summer | No change |
| Yukon | Yukon Standard | UTC-7 all year | 8 March 2020 |
| Northwest Territories | Northwest Territories Time | UTC-6 all year | 1 November 2026 |
| Nunavut, east of 85°W (including Iqaluit) | Eastern | UTC-5 in winter, UTC-4 in summer | No change |
| Nunavut, Southampton Island (Coral Harbour) | Eastern | UTC-5 all year | No change |
| Nunavut, 85°W to 102°W (Rankin Inlet, Baker Lake, Arviat) | Central | UTC-6 in winter, UTC-5 in summer | No change |
| Nunavut, Kitikmeot region (Cambridge Bay, Kugluktuk) | Mountain | UTC-7 in winter, UTC-6 in summer | No change |
| Clock | Name | Where |
|---|---|---|
| UTC-3:30 (winter) / UTC-2:30 (summer) | Newfoundland | Newfoundland and Labrador (Island of Newfoundland and the southeastern Labrador coast) |
| UTC-4 (winter) / UTC-3 (summer) | Atlantic | Newfoundland and Labrador (Most of Labrador); Prince Edward Island (Whole province); Nova Scotia (Whole province); New Brunswick (Whole province); Quebec (Magdalen Islands and Listuguj) |
| UTC-4 all year | Atlantic | Quebec (Basse-Cote-Nord from Kegaska east to Blanc-Sablon (no clock changes)) |
| UTC-5 (winter) / UTC-4 (summer) | Eastern | Quebec (Most of the province); Ontario (Most of the province); Nunavut (East of 85 W, including Iqaluit) |
| UTC-5 all year | Central Daylight, Eastern | Ontario (Northwestern Ontario west of 90 W, including Kenora and Atikokan (no clock changes; announced 13 October 2026)); Manitoba (Whole province (no clock changes)); Nunavut (Southampton Island, including Coral Harbour (no clock changes)) |
| UTC-6 (winter) / UTC-5 (summer) | Central | Nunavut (85 W to 102 W, including Rankin Inlet, Baker Lake and Arviat) |
| UTC-6 all year | Central, Alberta Time, Mountain, Northwest Territories Time | Saskatchewan (Whole province, including Lloydminster (no clock changes)); Alberta (Whole province (no clock changes)); British Columbia (East Kootenay (Cranbrook, Fernie) and Golden, following Alberta (no clock changes)); Northwest Territories (Whole territory (no clock changes)) |
| UTC-7 (winter) / UTC-6 (summer) | Mountain | Nunavut (Kitikmeot region, including Cambridge Bay and Kugluktuk) |
| UTC-7 all year | Pacific, Yukon Standard | British Columbia (Most of the province, plus the Peace River region, Fort Nelson and Creston (no clock changes)); Yukon (Whole territory (no clock changes)) |
The offsets above show how the rules line up. UTC-7 all year covers most of British Columbia and Yukon. UTC-6 all year covers Alberta, Saskatchewan, the Northwest Territories and the East Kootenay. UTC-5 all year covers Manitoba and northwestern Ontario. Vancouver and Calgary are therefore one hour apart all year, and so are Calgary and Winnipeg. Winnipeg and Toronto share a clock in winter and differ by an hour in summer.
Ontario outside the northwest, Quebec, the Atlantic provinces and most of Nunavut still change their clocks. In winter five different offsets are in use (UTC-7, -6, -5, -4 and -3:30), and in summer six (UTC-7, -6, -5, -4, -3 and -2:30). Nunavut spans three zones, Eastern, Central and Mountain, more than any other unit. Switch the map to the Time zone view to see these areas, with the ones that never change their clocks hatched.
Where French is spoken in Canada
Quebec is the only province where French is the sole official language, and New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province. In the 2021 Census, 82.2% of people in Quebec had French as their first official language spoken, and 46.4% could conduct a conversation in both English and French. In New Brunswick the shares were 30.0% and 34.0%.
Across Canada, 21.4% have French as their first official language spoken and 18.0% know both languages. Outside those two provinces the French share is small: Yukon has the highest at 4.5%, Ontario has 3.4% and Prince Edward Island 2.9%. Switch to the French speakers view to see the pattern. For the full list of languages with official status, read official languages in Canada, and for the languages spoken here first, Indigenous languages in Canada.
World Heritage sites by province
Canada has 22 UNESCO World Heritage properties: 10 cultural, 11 natural and 1 mixed. Alberta has the most with 6, then Newfoundland and Labrador with 4. Nova Scotia, Quebec and British Columbia have 3 each. Ontario, Yukon and the Northwest Territories have 2 each and Manitoba has 1. Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan and Nunavut have none.
Four properties span two units and count in both: the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks (Alberta and British Columbia), Wood Buffalo National Park (Alberta and the Northwest Territories), Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek (British Columbia and Yukon) and Pimachiowin Aki (Ontario and Manitoba). That is why the unit counts add up to 26. The two newest are Anticosti, in Quebec, and Tr'ondëk-Klondike, in Yukon, both inscribed in 2023.
Frequently asked questions
How many provinces and territories does Canada have?
Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories, which makes 13 in all. The count has been 13 since Nunavut was created on 1 April 1999. The last province to join was Newfoundland, on 31 March 1949.
What are the provinces and territories of Canada and their capitals?
The 10 provinces are British Columbia (Victoria), Alberta (Edmonton), Saskatchewan (Regina), Manitoba (Winnipeg), Ontario (Toronto), Quebec (Quebec City), New Brunswick (Fredericton), Nova Scotia (Halifax), Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown) and Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John's). The 3 territories are Yukon (Whitehorse), the Northwest Territories (Yellowknife) and Nunavut (Iqaluit). The table above lists them with their largest cities.
What are the regions of Canada?
This map groups Canada into 5 regions: Atlantic Canada, Central Canada, the Prairies, the West Coast and the North. The regions are informal, because no law defines them and different sources draw them differently. The provinces and territories are the official units.
What is the capital of Canada?
The capital of Canada is Ottawa, in Ontario, on the Ottawa River opposite Gatineau, Quebec. Toronto is the capital of Ontario, not of Canada, although it is the country's largest city.
How many time zones does Canada have?
Canada has six standard time zones: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic and Newfoundland. As of November 2026, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, the Northwest Territories, Yukon and northwestern Ontario no longer change their clocks. Nunavut spans three of the zones. The time zone table above gives the rule for every province and territory.
What are the Maritime provinces, and how are they different from Atlantic Canada?
The Maritime provinces are Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Atlantic Canada is those three plus Newfoundland and Labrador, so it has four provinces to the Maritimes' three.
What are the Prairie provinces?
The Prairie provinces are Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The grassland that gives them the name covers only the southern part of each province. The north of all three is boreal forest, and Alberta also reaches the Rocky Mountains.
Which provinces speak French?
Quebec is the only province where French is the sole official language, and 82.2% of its people have French as their first official language spoken. New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province, with 30.0% French and 34.0% able to speak both languages. Everywhere else the French share is 4.5% or less.
What is the difference between a province and a territory?
A province holds its powers in its own right under the Constitution Act, 1867, while a territory exercises powers delegated by the federal Parliament. Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. The territories cover 39.3% of the land and hold 0.3% of the people.
What is the largest and smallest province or territory in Canada?
Nunavut is the largest unit by area at 2,093,190 km², and Quebec is the largest province at 1,542,056 km². Prince Edward Island is the smallest at 5,660 km². By population, Ontario is the largest with 16,262,121 people and Nunavut the smallest with 43,091.
What is the newest province or territory in Canada?
Nunavut is the newest territory, created on 1 April 1999 from the Northwest Territories. The newest province is Newfoundland and Labrador, which joined on 31 March 1949. Alberta and Saskatchewan are the next newest, both created on 1 September 1905.
How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are in Canada?
Canada has 22 UNESCO World Heritage properties: 10 cultural, 11 natural and 1 mixed. Alberta has the most with 6. The two most recent, Anticosti and Tr'ondëk-Klondike, were inscribed in 2023.
Sources and methodology
- Population: Statistics Canada Table 17-10-0009-01, population estimates on 1 July 2026, a preliminary postcensal estimate released on 23 September 2026. The 13 units sum to the national figure of 41,798,407. The estimate will be updated when 2026 Census counts are published in 2027.
- 2021 Census: Statistics Canada Table 98-10-0001-01, population counts, total 36,991,981, and land areas. Census counts are not adjusted for undercoverage, so growth rates on the map compare the 1 July 2021 and 1 July 2026 estimates.
- Area: total area (land and fresh water) from the Canada Year Book table of land and freshwater area, sourced to the Atlas of Canada. The 13 units sum to 9,984,670 km². Density divides population by the 2021 Census land area, which is why Prince Edward Island shows a land area slightly above its total area.
- GDP per capita: Table 36-10-0222-01, 2024 GDP at market prices, divided by the 1 July 2024 population.
- French and bilingual shares: 2021 Census, Table 98-10-0192-01 (first official language spoken) and Table 98-10-0222-01 (knowledge of official languages), excluding institutional residents.
- Time zones: the Province of British Columbia, Government of Alberta, Government of Manitoba, Government of the Northwest Territories, Gouvernement du Québec, the Newfoundland and Labrador Standard Time Act and the City of Kenora notice of 13 October 2026. The 90°W boundary for northwestern Ontario, the Yukon, Saskatchewan and Nunavut rules, and some sub-provincial exceptions come from secondary sources (Wikipedia and the IANA time zone list), checked on 16 October 2026.
- World Heritage: UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 22 properties in Canada.
- Boundaries and places: province outlines are the Statistics Canada 2021 cartographic boundary files, under the Open Government Licence - Canada. City and town names come from the 2021 Census subdivisions and from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0). City populations are 2021 Census counts for the municipality.
- Hans Island: in Nunavut's Kennedy Channel, the island has been divided between Canada and Denmark since 2022. Detail at that scale is finer than this map draws.
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